What is SS-31?
SS-31 (Szeto-Schiller peptide 31, also known as Elamipretide or MTP-131) is a cell-permeable tetrapeptide that specifically targets the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is the most potent mitochondria-targeted antioxidant known and is in clinical trials for heart failure, kidney disease, and age-related conditions.
Mechanism of Action
SS-31 selectively concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane (100–1,000x higher than cytoplasm) where it binds to cardiolipin — a phospholipid critical for mitochondrial function. It reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, restores mitochondrial membrane potential, improves ATP synthesis, and prevents mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening.
SS-31 Dosing Protocol
0.05–0.25 mg/kg subcutaneous daily. For a 75 kg person: 3.75–18.75 mg/day. Research protocols vary widely. Some use 5 mg/day, others 10–20 mg/day. Clinical trials use 0.05–0.25 mg/kg IV infusion.
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SS-31 Benefits
Side Effect Profile
Generally well-tolerated in clinical trials. Occasional injection site reactions. IV: flushing, headache.
SS-31 Stacking Guide
SS-31 works synergistically with these compounds. Click any to learn more, or ask PepBot to build you a complete stack.
Research & Citations
Frequently Asked Questions about SS-31
Why is SS-31 considered the best mitochondrial peptide?
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